What is Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often caused by high intraocular pressure (IOP). If left untreated, glaucoma can lead to vision loss and blindness. It typically develops gradually, with no early warning signs, and may affect one or both eyes. Regular eye exams are essential for early detection and effective management of the condition. Treatment options, including medications, laser treatments, and surgery, can help control eye pressure and preserve vision
Types of Glaucoma
The most common type, where the drainage canals in the eye become clogged over time, causing increased eye pressure. It develops slowly and often has no noticeable symptoms in the early stages.
Symptoms of Glaucoma
Gradual loss of peripheral (side) vision
Blurred or hazy vision
Eye pain or discomfort (more common with angle-closure glaucoma)
Sudden loss of vision (in case of acute angle-closure glaucoma)
Seeing halos around lights
Redness in the eye
Treatments
Prescription eye drops or oral medications are commonly used to reduce eye pressure. These may include prostaglandins, beta-blockers, alpha agonists, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
Precautions
Annual or bi-annual exams are essential, especially if you have a family history of glaucoma or are at higher risk.
Before Surgery
Your eye doctor will evaluate the severity of your glaucoma and determine the best treatment option, including surgery. You may need to undergo tests, such as measuring eye pressure, examining the optic nerve, and assessing your vision. Inform your doctor about any medications you are taking, as some may need to be adjusted before surgery.
During Surgery
Glaucoma surgery is typically performed under local anesthesia to numb the eye area, though general anesthesia may be used in some cases. The specific type of surgery will depend on your diagnosis. For example, a trabeculectomy creates a new drainage route, while a tube shunt procedure places a small tube in the eye to help drain excess fluid. The procedure usually lasts between 30 minutes to an hour, depending on the complexity.
After Surgery
After surgery, you will be monitored for a short period to ensure the eye is healing properly. You may experience some discomfort or mild pain, which can be managed with prescribed medication. Eye drops will likely be prescribed to prevent infection and reduce inflammation. Follow-up visits will be scheduled to monitor your eye pressure and overall healing.