What is Pediatric Ophthalmology
Pediatric ophthalmology is a specialized branch of eye care that focuses on diagnosing and treating vision disorders in children. Early detection of eye problems in children is crucial, as untreated conditions can affect their vision development and learning abilities. Pediatric ophthalmologists handle a wide range of conditions, from refractive errors to complex eye diseases and surgical interventions.
Types of Pediatric Ophthalmology
Refractive errors affect vision clarity and include myopia (nearsightedness), causing blurry distance vision; hyperopia (farsightedness), making it difficult to focus on nearby objects; and astigmatism, which leads to blurred or distorted vision due to an irregular cornea shape.
Symptoms of Pediatric Ophthalmology
Frequent eye rubbing or squinting
Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
Poor hand-eye coordination
Misaligned eyes (crossed or wandering eye)
Watery or red eyes
Difficulty reading or recognizing objects
Complaints of headaches or blurry vision
Holding books too close to the face
Treatments
Correct refractive errors like myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism.
Precautions
Ensure regular eye check-ups, especially before school age, and limit screen time to prevent Computer Vision Syndrome. Encourage outdoor activities to reduce myopia risk and teach proper eye hygiene, such as avoiding eye rubbing and frequent hand washing. A nutritious diet rich in vitamin A, omega-3, and antioxidants supports eye health, while protective eyewear is essential for sports and outdoor activities.
Before Surgery
A comprehensive eye examination is essential before surgery, along with pre-surgical counseling for parents. Patients may need to fast if required and avoid certain medications as instructed by the doctor.
During Surgery
Surgical procedures for children typically require general anesthesia and, when possible, use minimally invasive techniques. The duration varies based on the condition, ranging from 30 minutes to 2 hours.
After Surgery
Post-surgery care includes using an eye patch or protective shield, attending follow-up appointments for recovery assessment, applying prescribed eye drops to prevent infection, and avoiding strenuous activities for a few weeks.